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| La Patience Estate, St.Lucia |
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Inventory of Flora & Fauna of Patience Estate, St. Lucia
By: Donald Anthony
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| Heliconia - La Patience |
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Table of Contents
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Summary
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3
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1.2 Birds.....................................
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3 |
1.3 Redptiles & Amphibians............
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4 |
1.4 River Fauna............................
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5 |
2.1 Plants....................................
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5 |
2.1 Importaqncde of Forests...........
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6 |
| Appendix1................................... |
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8 |
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INVENTORY OF FAUNA AND FLORA OF PATIENCE ESTATESummary Over 161 plant species were found on Patience Estate including forest trees, agricultural crops, ornamental plants, vines, herbs and grasses. A number of medicinal plants were also found. Twenty-five bird species were observed including 5 endemics, six species of mammals, five reptile species, one amphibian and some river fauna also occur in the area 1.1 MammalsSix species of mammals occur on Patience Estate (Table 1). The forested areas, agricultural and fallow lands, and riparian areas provide food and shelter for agoutis, opossums, mongoose, rats, bats and mice. Mongoose is a common species and can be seen crossing the road during daylight hours. At night, bats, opossums, rats and mice are activ e. Agouti also occur in the area and are often seen by the local people.
TABLE I Mammals on Patience Estate
SCIENTIFIC NAME
|
COMMON NAME
|
LOCAL NAME
|
Artibeus jamaicensis
|
Fruit bat |
Sol Souwi |
| Didelphis marsupialis |
opossum |
Manicou |
| Herpestes auropunctatus |
Mongoose
|
Mongoose |
| Dasyprocta antilles |
Agouti |
Agouti |
| Mus musculus |
Mouse |
Souwi
|
| Rattus rattus |
Rat
|
Wat |
1.2 BIRDS
Twenty-six species of birds were seen or heard in the study area (table ii). Three endemic species occur in the area, namely St. Lucia Parrot, St. Lucia Oriole, St. Lucia Black Finch, St. Lucia Pewee and the St. Lucia Warbler. Among the most common were the Banana Quit and the Lesser Antillean Bullfinch. Both the Lesser Antillean Bullfinch and the Banana Quit were common in all habitat types. Hummingbirds seen were the Antillean Crested and the Purple-throated Carib. Scaley-breasted Thrashers were less common and were heard on several occasions. Only one bird of prey, the Broad-wing Hawk was seen in the area. There may be birds that were not recorded as more visits to the area would be needed to have a complete bird inventory.
TABLE II Birds Found on Patience estate
| SCIENTIFIC NAME |
COMMON NAME
|
LOCAL NAME
|
Amazon Versicolor
|
St.Lucia Parrot
|
Parrot Jacquot
|
Buteo Platypterus
|
Broad-winged Hawk |
Chicken hawk, Malfini |
| Butorides virescens |
Green heron |
kayale |
| Chaetura cinereiventris |
Lesser antillean swift |
Rain bird, Hirondel |
| Cinclocerthia ruficauda |
Brown Trembler
|
Trembler |
Cocyzus minor
|
Mangrove Cuckoo |
Cuckoo manioc |
| Coereba flaveola |
Banana quit |
Sucrier |
| Columba squamosa |
Scaly-naped pigeon
|
Ramier |
| Contopus oberi |
St. Lucia Pewee |
Ping ka ka, Gobye mouche
|
| Dendroica adelaidae |
St. Lucia warbler |
Chick chick |
| Elaenea martinica |
Caribbean elaenea |
Piole |
| Eulampis jugularis |
Purple-throated carib
|
Kilibwi
|
| Euphonia musica |
Antillian euphonia |
Perishe, Bata jacquot |
| Geotrygon mystacea |
Bridle quail dove |
Pedrix croissant |
| Geotrygon Montana |
Ruddy quail dove |
Pedrix rouge |
| Icterus laudabilis |
St. Lucia oriole |
Carouge |
| Loxigilla noctis |
Lesser Antillean bullfinch |
Gros beck |
| Margarops fuscatus |
Pearly-eyed thrasher |
Gros grieve |
| Margarops fuscus |
Scaley-breasted thrasher |
Grieve |
| Melanospiza richardsoni |
St. Lucia Black finch |
Moinson pied blanc |
| Myiarchus oberi |
Lesser Antillian flycatcher |
Janeau |
| Orthoryncus cristatus |
Antillian crested humming bird
|
Humming bird, Fou fou |
| Tiaris bicolor |
Black-faced grass quit |
Si si Zeb |
| Tyrannus domimicensis |
Grey kingbird |
Pipirit |
| Vireo altiloquus |
Black-whiskered vireo |
Thweak, thaw |
1.3 Reptiles and Amphibians
Four species of reptile and one species of amphibian occur on Patience estate (table iv). Tree lizards are common on the estate. No snakes were seen, except an old skeleton. However, it is common knowledge that the St. Lucia boa (Constrictor orophias) and the St. Lucia viper (Bothrops caribbaeus) occur in the area.
One species of amphibian, the tiny Piping frog (Eleutherodactylus johnstonei) was observed. No Toads were seen or heard during the study period.
Many reptile species are cryptic by nature. Therefore, failure to observe certain species does not necessarily suggest their absence.
TABLE IV Reptiles and Amphibians on Patience Estate
SCIENTIFIC NAME
|
COMMON NAME
|
LOCAL NANE
|
| Anolis luceae |
St. Lucia anole |
Lizard, Zandoli |
| Bothrops caribbaeus |
St. Lucia viper |
Fer-de-lance, Serpent |
| Constrictor orophias |
St. Lucia boa |
Boa, Tet-chien |
| Sphaerodactylus microlepis |
St. Lucia Pygmy Gecko |
Mabouya terre |
| Eleutherodactylus johnstonei |
Piping frog |
Frog, Cholin
|
1.4 River fauna
The Fond and Cal Fouc rivers are rich in aquatic life, namely fish and crayfish. However on the day of the study time did not allow for a river investigation. A small sample done in one of the tributaries turned up nothing. The river looks pristine and if free of pollution should contain the species listed in the table below. TABLE V List of Fish and Crustaceans in the Fond River
SCIENTIFIC NAME
|
COMMON NAME
|
LOCAL NAME
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| Agonostamus monticola |
Mountain mullet |
Mullet, Millet |
| Gobisox spp. |
Goby |
Sisay |
| Atya innocuous |
Crayfish |
Crayfish, Book
|
| Macrobrachium carcinus |
Crayfish |
Crayfish, Kwibish basen
|
| Guinoia dentata |
River Crab
|
Crab, Back
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| Macrobrachium heterchinus |
Crayfish |
Crayfish |
2-1 PLANTS
Plants form over ninety percent of wildlife on Patience Estate. Wildlife in its broadest sense is defined as any living organism that lives, grows and reproduces without the interference of man. Over 161 plant species were found including trees, shrubs, lianas, vines and herbs. Twenty one agricultural species were found including mangoes (Mangifera indica), coconut (Cocos nucifera), Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) and guava (Pitsidium guajava). A few plants were not identified as they were not in fruit or flower at the time .
2.2 The Importance of Forests In one sentence the Rain Forest can be described as an explosion of life, with life forms of every description. From the towering Gomier trees to the lowly Salaginella club moss; mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and insects all find a home. The forest does not only provide a home for wildlife but serves a number of useful purposes.
A walk through the rain forest gives the feeling of being in an air-conditioned room with many air-conditioners all working at once. The air is cool as a result of the shade offered by the towering trees, coupled by the trapped air from constant evapo-transpiration. The forest ameliorates the climate. It is never static. There is something happening all the time. Birds feeding or calling; dead leaves falling; butterflies flying around in search of a mate or the next flower; ants foraging on the forest floor, and one could go on and on.
When rain falls in the forest the water droplets never hit the soil directly; but is first intercepted by the upper canopy, the droplets then fall to the lower canopy unto the undergrowth and eventually reaching the forest floor. Even then the water droplets do not hit the soil directly, because the soil is covered with a thick layer of dead leaves, rotten branches, fruit cases and other forest debris. This layer is called the forest leaf litter layer. By the time the raindrops reach the floor the droplets have lost all their velocity and by then is only a soft drip; unlike the stinging effects of raindrops on the bare skin in an open field.
The forest litter layer is teeming with microorganisms that help in reducing it to humus. The litter layer and humus act as a sponge that absorbs water into the soil layers below. The humus and topsoil because of their high organic matter content and structure have a high water retention capacity. This water percolates into deeper soil layers until it reaches the bedrock. There the water travels along the bedrock emerging at the surface further down slope as a spring. Forest soil has the highest capacity to hold water. It can be compared to a huge sponge releasing water gradually and perennially to feed streams and rivers.
From the air the forest canopy looks like a gigantic disjointed green mash-mallow, with tree stems and branches supporting crowns; straggling lianes and clinging bromeliards all living in harmony. A similar picture exists below ground where taproots replace stems and lateral roots replace branches. The roots tangle and cris-cross forming an unending network below the ground holding soil together. This matting of roots is also very important for the trees themselves, as it prevents easy toppling during high winds. Forest help in many other ways and a few are listed in Figure (VI).
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| Diagram Showing the Importance of Forests |
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APPENDIX I LIST OF FOUND PLANT SPECIES
SCIENTIFIC NAME
|
COMMON NAMES
|
FORM
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ETHNO-BOTANICAL INFORMATION
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| Acalypha wilkesiana |
Copper leaf |
Shrub
|
Ornamental
|
| Aegiphila martinicensis |
Bwa Kabwit
|
Shrub
|
Medicinal
|
| Alloplectus cristatus |
Wild fuchia |
Vine
|
Ornamental
|
| Aiphannes minima |
Gwi gwi |
Tree
|
Food
|
| Allamanda cathartica |
Alamanda
|
Shrub
|
Ornamental
|
| Alpinia purpurata |
Red Ginger Lilly
|
Herb |
Ornamental |
| Ananas comosus |
Pineapple |
Herb |
Food, Medicinal
|
| Andira inermis |
Angelin |
Tree
|
Timber
|
| Anthurium andraeanum |
Anthurium |
Herb |
Ornamental |
| Anthurium grandifolium |
Elephant ears |
Herb |
Ornamental
|
Anthurium hookeri
|
Wild Tobacco
|
Herb
|
Ornamental
|
| Artocarpus altilis |
Breadfruit
|
Tree
|
Food, Timber
|
Artocarpus incisa
|
Breadfruit
|
tree
|
Food, Timber
|
Assplundia rigida
|
Zel mouche, Ti kannot
|
Liana
|
Ornamental, art and craft |
Averrhoa carambola
|
Carambola, Five finger, Star fruit |
Tree
|
Food
|
Axonopus affinis
|
Zeb a Vash
|
Herb
|
Fodder, Lawns
|
Bambusa spp.
|
Ti Bamboo
|
Shrub
|
Fodder
|
Bambusa vulgaris
|
Bamboo
|
Tree
|
Multi-purpose
|
Bidens spinosa
|
Zeb a zedjwi |
Shrub
|
|
| Bixa orellana |
Woukou |
Shrub |
Food colouring, art and craft
|
Blechum brownie
|
St. John’s Bush |
Herb |
Medicinal
|
| Bougainvillea spectabilis |
Bougainvillea |
Shrub |
Ornamental
|
| Brysonima spicata |
Bwa Tan Si |
Bwa Tan Si
|
Multi-purpose |
| Calathea allouia |
Topitambou |
Herb
|
Food
|
Cajanus cajun
|
Pigeon Peas
|
Shrub
|
Food
|
Casearia decandra
|
Bwa koko kawet |
Tree |
Fuelwood, birdfood |
Castilla elastica
|
kaouchou, rubber tree
|
Tree
|
Rubber
|
| Cecropia schreberiana |
Bwa Canou |
Tree |
Medicinal, craft |
| Centrosema virginianum |
Pwa pwa |
Vine |
Fodder |
Chamaecrista glandulosa
|
Ti tanmawen Tanmawen shoval
|
Shrub
|
Fodder
|
Chrysochlamys caribaea
|
bwa mang, palitivye wouj
|
Tree
|
Post, fuel
|
Cinnamomun verum
|
Cinnamon, Kannel
|
Tree
|
Spice
|
Citrus aurantifolia
|
Lime, Citron
|
Tree
|
Juice
|
Citrus paradisi
|
Grapefruit
|
Tree
|
Food, honey
|
Citrus spp.
|
Shaddock
|
Tree
|
Food, Honet
|
Citrus sinensis
|
Orange
|
Tree
|
Food, Honey
|
Clidemia hirta
|
Kaka mel
|
Shrub
|
|
Clusia rosea
|
Aralie, strangler fig,
|
Tree
|
Parrot food, craft
|
Coccoloba escendens
|
|
Liane
|
Parrot food
|
Cocoloba swartzii
|
Bwa Lanmowi
|
Tree
|
Fuel wood, honey
|
Cocos nucifera
|
Coconut, Coco
|
Tree
|
Multi-purpose
|
*Codiaum variegatum
|
Croton
|
Shrub
|
Ornamental
|
Coffee arabica
|
Coffee, Kafe
|
Tree
|
Beverage
|
Colocasia esculenta var. antiquorum
|
Eddo
|
Herb
|
Food
|
Colocasia esculenta
|
Dasheen
|
Herb
|
Food
|
Commelina diffusa
|
Water grass, Zeb Gwa
|
Herb
|
Fodder, medicinal
|
Cordia martinensis
|
Black sage, Maho noir
|
Shrub
|
Medicinal
|
Cordyline terminalis
|
Red dragon
|
Shrub
|
Boundary marker, ornamental
|
Croton flavens
|
Ti bonm
|
Shrub
|
Broom
|
Cucumis sativum
|
Cucumber, Cocom
|
Vine
|
Food
|
Cyanthea aborea
|
Tree fern, Fwige
|
tree
|
Craft, horticulture
|
Cyanthea aborea
|
Tree fern, Fwige
|
Tree
|
Craft, horticulture
|
Dacryodes excelsa
|
Gommier
|
Tree
|
Multi-purpose
|
Daphnopsis americana
|
Maho piman
|
tree
|
Rope, medicinal, charcoal
|
Daphnopsis macrocarpa
|
maho pimen gwan bwa
|
shrub
|
rope
|
Desmodium tortuosum
|
sweetheart, prickle
|
Herb
|
|
Dieffenbachia seguine
|
Dumb cane, cane cochon
|
Vine
|
Ornamental
|
Dioscorea alata
|
Wild yam, banjha
|
Vine
|
Food
|
Eleusine indica
|
Pye Poul
|
Herb
|
Medicinal
|
Enicostema
|
Lang Poul
|
Herb
|
Medicinal
|
Enicostema
|
|
|
|
Enicostema
|
Orchid
|
Herb
|
Ornamental
|
Erythrina corallodendrum
|
Mountain imortelle
|
Tree
|
Ornamental
|
Erythrina variegata
|
Virigated imortelle
|
Tree
|
Ornamental
|
Ficus citrifolia
|
Fije
|
Tree
|
Bird food
|
Ficus spp.
|
Fije
|
Tree
|
Bird food
|
Gliricidia sepium
|
Gliricidia
|
Tree
|
Multi-purpose
|
Gonzalagunia hirsute
|
Bwa Kilibwi
|
shrub
|
Humming bird food
|
Gonzalagunia spicata
|
|
Shrub
|
Fodder
|
Guatteria caribaea
|
Kosol mawon
|
Tree
|
Timber
|
Heliconea bihai
|
Heliconia, Balizier
|
Herb
|
Ornamental
|
Heliconea caribaea
|
Heliconia, Balizier
|
Herb
|
Ornamental
|
Heliconia psittacorum
|
Bird-of-paradise
|
Herb
|
Ornamentsl
|
Heliconea rostrata
|
Lobster claw
|
herb
|
Ornamental
|
Heliconea wagneriana
|
Heliconia
|
Herb
|
Ornamental
|
Hieronyma caribaea
|
Bwa Danmann
|
Tree
|
Timber (furniture)
|
Iampomea indic
|
Liane douce
|
Vine
|
Fodder
|
Inga ingoides
|
Kacoli
|
Tree
|
Fuel, parrpt fppd
|
Inga laurina
|
Poix Doux
|
Tree
|
Fuel, Food
|
Itedychium caranarium
|
Wild Ginger
|
Herb
|
Ornamental
|
Ixora coccinea
|
lxora
|
shrub
|
Ornamental
|
Lauraceae spp.
|
Laurier Gros gwen
|
Tree
|
Timber
|
Lepianthes peltata
|
Chapo D’lo
|
Shub
|
|
Licania ternatensis
|
Bwa De mas
|
Tree
|
Charcoal, Timber
|
Lonchocarpus violaceus
|
Savonnet Le Bar
|
Tree
|
Charcoal, soap
|
Lonchocarpus pantaphyllus
|
Savonette Gwan Feille
|
Tree
|
Charcoal, Soap
|
Ludwigia octovalvia
|
Jiwof glo
|
Herb
|
Medicinal
|
Lycopodium cernuum
|
Pat Macaque
|
Herb
|
Ornamental
|
Mangifera indica
|
Mango
|
Tree
|
Food
|
Manilkara bidentata
|
Balata
|
Tree
|
Timber
|
Marcgravia umbellala
|
Zipper vine, Liane Chasseur
|
Liane
|
Water
|
Margaritaria nobilis
|
Mille bwanch
|
Tree
|
Fuel, wood
|
Miconia mirabilis
|
Bwa cote senn
|
Tree
|
Fuel, bird food
|
Mikania spp.
|
Sensitive plant, Myhonte
|
Herb
|
Honey
|
Monstera pertusa
|
Swiss cheese philodendron
|
Vine
|
Ornamental
|
Musa bubisiana
|
Bluggo, Macambu
|
Tree
|
Food
|
Musa parasidisiaca
|
Plantain
|
Tree
|
Food
|
Musa spp.
|
Blugo-plantain
|
Tree
|
Food
|
Musa spp.
|
Fig cochon
|
Tree
|
Food
|
Musa sapientum
|
Banana
|
Tree
|
Food, Craft
|
Mussaenda erythrophylla
|
Pink mussaenda
|
Shrub
|
Ornamental
|
Mussaenda erythrophylla
|
Red mussaenda
|
Shrub
|
Ornamental
|
Mussaenda philippica
|
White mussaenda
|
Shrub
|
Ornamental
|
Myrcia deflexa
|
Bwa Creole
|
Tree
|
Fuel, Tools
|
Myristica fragrans
|
Nutmeg
|
Tree
|
Spice, medicinal
|
Neoxytheca pallida
|
Balata chien
|
Tree
|
Timber
|
Nicolaia elator
|
Torch ginger
|
Herb
|
Ornamental
|
Ocotea leucoxylon
|
Lowye mabre
|
Tree
|
Timber
|
Orchidaceae spp
|
Orchid
|
Herb
|
Ornamental
|
Orchidaceae spp.
|
Ground Orchid
|
Herb
|
Ornamental
|
Ochroma lagopus
|
Bwa flo, Balsa
|
Tree
|
Rafts and models
|
Ormosia monosperma
|
Wawi
|
Tree
|
Timber, Art & craft
|
Palicourea crocea
|
Bwa Kabwit
|
Shrub
|
Medicinal
|
Passiflora andesonii
|
|
Vine
|
|
Passiflora laurifolia
|
Pomme de Liane
|
Vine
|
Food
|
Pennisetum purpureum
|
Eggplant Grass
|
Herb
|
Fodder
|
Persea americana
|
Avacado
|
Tree
|
Food
|
Philadendron giganteum
|
Philadendron giganteum
|
Philadendron giganteum
|
Ornamental
|
Philadendron giganteum
|
Philadendron
|
Vine
|
Ornamental
|
Phyllanthus amarus
|
White-seed-under-leaf, Gwen anbar faille blanc
|
Herb
|
Medicinal
|
Phyllanthus urinaria
|
Red-seed-under-leaf, Gwen-anbar-faille wouj
|
Herb
|
|
Phytlaca spp.
|
Zapina Gwa Bwa
|
Shrub
|
Food
|
Pilea inaequalis
|
Zoti Beni
|
herb
|
Medicinal |
Piper dilatatum
|
Malambe
|
Shrub
|
Fodder. medicinal
|
Piper spp.
|
|
Vine
|
|
Pitcairnia angustifolia
|
Ground Bromeliard
|
Herb
|
Ornamental
|
Polypodium aureum
|
Fern
|
Herb
|
ornamental
|
Pouteria multiflora
|
Pennypiece
|
Tree
|
Edible, wildlife food
|
Pouteria semecarpifolia
|
Contrevent
|
Tree
|
Timber
|
Pitchecellobium jupunba
|
Dalmawi
|
Tree
|
Art and craft
|
Pityrogramma calomelanos
|
Print fern, white back fern, silver fern
|
Herb
|
|
Saccharum officinarum
|
Sugar cane, Kan
|
Herb
|
Food
|
Sapium caribium
|
Bwa La Gle
|
Tree
|
Timber
|
Scleria scindens
|
Zeb a kouto, razor grass
|
Herb
|
|
Scleria secans
|
Razor grass
|
Herb
|
|
Sloanea caribaea
|
Chatannye
|
Tree
|
Parrot Food
|
Swietenia macrophylla
|
Honduras mahogany
|
Tree
|
Timber
|
Symplocos martinicensis
|
Zoliivye
|
Tree
|
Timber
|
Syzygium malaccensis
|
Ponm damou Pommerac, love apple
|
Tree
|
Food
|
Salaginella flabelata
|
Selaginella
|
Herb
|
|
Simaruba amara
|
Bwa Blanc
|
Tree
|
Timber
|
Similax guianensis
|
Boyo Djab
|
Tree
|
Timber
|
Solanum nodiflorium
|
Wild egg plant, Balenjann djab
|
Tree
|
Medicinal, rootstalk for grafting
|
Spondias mumbin
|
Hog plum, Muben
|
Tree
|
Food
|
Sterculia caribeae
|
Maho cochon
|
Tree
|
Rope, Timber
|
Stachytarpheta spp.
|
Vernvern ladje wat
|
Shrub
|
Medicinal
|
Stachytarpheta spp.
|
Vernvern ladje wat
|
Shrub
|
Medicinal
|
Swartzia caribaea
|
Wild nutmeg, Miscad Marron
|
Tree
|
|
Tabarnaemontana citrifolia
|
Bwa Lait
|
Tree
|
Bird food
|
Talauma dodecapetala
|
Bwapen mawon
|
Tree
|
Timber, Parrot Food
|
Tapura latifolia
|
Bwa Cote
|
Tree
|
Charcoal
|
Ternstroemia oligostemon
|
Merise
|
Tre
|
Timber
|
Tillandsia fasciculata
|
Zanzanna djab
|
Herb
|
Ornamental
|
Theobroma cacoa
|
Cocoa, Kako
|
Tree
|
Beverage, Chocolate
|
Urena sinuata
|
Pikan Kouzen
|
Shrub
|
|
Pikan Kouzen
|
Vern vern kwaib
|
Herb
|
Medicinal
|
Xanthosoma sagittifolium
|
Tannia, Shou
|
Herb
|
Food
|
Xanthosoma undipes
|
Malanga
|
Herb
|
Pig Food
|
Zanthoxylum caribaeum
|
Lepinni
|
Tree
|
Timber
|
*- Several varieties
|
|