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Flora and Fauna
La Patience Estate, St.Lucia
La Patience Estate, St.Lucia



Inventory of Flora & Fauna
of
Patience Estate,
St. Lucia

By:
Donald Anthony




Heliconia - La Patience
Heliconia - La Patience
Table of Contents
Summary
  3
1.2 Birds.....................................
3
1.3 Redptiles & Amphibians............

4
1.4 River Fauna............................
5
2.1 Plants....................................
5
2.1 Importaqncde of Forests...........
6
Appendix1................................... 8



INVENTORY OF FAUNA AND FLORA OF PATIENCE ESTATE

Summary

Over 161 plant species were found on Patience Estate including forest trees, agricultural crops, ornamental plants, vines, herbs and grasses. A number of medicinal plants were also found. Twenty-five bird species were observed including 5 endemics, six species of mammals, five reptile species, one amphibian and some river fauna also occur in the area

1.1 Mammals

Six species of mammals occur on Patience Estate (Table 1). The forested areas, agricultural and fallow lands, and riparian areas provide food and shelter for agoutis, opossums, mongoose, rats, bats and mice.

Mongoose is a common species and can be seen crossing the road during daylight hours. At night, bats, opossums, rats and mice are active. Agouti also occur in the area and are often seen by the local people.

TABLE I Mammals on Patience Estate


SCIENTIFIC NAME
COMMON NAME
LOCAL NAME
Artibeus jamaicensis
Fruit bat Sol Souwi
Didelphis marsupialis opossum Manicou
Herpestes auropunctatus Mongoose
Mongoose
Dasyprocta antilles Agouti Agouti
Mus musculus Mouse Souwi
Rattus rattus Rat
Wat


1.2 BIRDS

Twenty-six species of birds were seen or heard in the study area (table ii). Three endemic species occur in the area, namely St. Lucia Parrot, St. Lucia Oriole, St. Lucia Black Finch, St. Lucia Pewee and the St. Lucia Warbler. Among the most common were the Banana Quit and the Lesser Antillean Bullfinch.
Both the Lesser Antillean Bullfinch and the Banana Quit were common in all habitat types. Hummingbirds seen were the Antillean Crested and the Purple-throated Carib. Scaley-breasted Thrashers were less common and were heard on several occasions. Only one bird of prey, the Broad-wing Hawk was seen in the area. There may be birds that were not recorded as more visits to the area would be needed to have a complete bird inventory.

TABLE II Birds Found on Patience estate

SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME
LOCAL NAME
Amazon Versicolor
St.Lucia Parrot
Parrot Jacquot
Buteo Platypterus
Broad-winged Hawk Chicken hawk, Malfini
Butorides virescens Green heron kayale
Chaetura cinereiventris Lesser antillean swift Rain bird, Hirondel
Cinclocerthia ruficauda Brown Trembler
Trembler
Cocyzus minor
Mangrove Cuckoo Cuckoo manioc
Coereba flaveola Banana quit Sucrier
Columba squamosa Scaly-naped pigeon
Ramier
Contopus oberi St. Lucia Pewee Ping ka ka, Gobye mouche
Dendroica adelaidae St. Lucia warbler Chick chick
Elaenea martinica Caribbean elaenea Piole
Eulampis jugularis Purple-throated carib
Kilibwi
Euphonia musica Antillian euphonia Perishe, Bata jacquot
Geotrygon mystacea Bridle quail dove Pedrix croissant
Geotrygon Montana Ruddy quail dove Pedrix rouge
Icterus laudabilis St. Lucia oriole Carouge
Loxigilla noctis Lesser Antillean bullfinch Gros beck
Margarops fuscatus Pearly-eyed thrasher Gros grieve
Margarops fuscus Scaley-breasted thrasher Grieve
Melanospiza richardsoni St. Lucia Black finch Moinson pied blanc
Myiarchus oberi Lesser Antillian flycatcher Janeau
Orthoryncus cristatus Antillian crested humming bird
Humming bird, Fou fou
Tiaris bicolor Black-faced grass quit Si si Zeb
Tyrannus domimicensis Grey kingbird Pipirit
Vireo altiloquus Black-whiskered vireo Thweak, thaw


1.3 Reptiles and Amphibians

Four species of reptile and one species of amphibian occur on Patience estate (table iv). Tree lizards are common on the estate. No snakes were seen, except an old skeleton. However, it is common knowledge that the St. Lucia boa (Constrictor orophias) and the St. Lucia viper (Bothrops caribbaeus) occur in the area.

One species of amphibian, the tiny Piping frog (Eleutherodactylus johnstonei) was observed. No Toads were seen or heard during the study period.

Many reptile species are cryptic by nature. Therefore, failure to observe certain species does not necessarily suggest their absence.



TABLE IV Reptiles and Amphibians on Patience Estate

SCIENTIFIC NAME
COMMON NAME
LOCAL NANE
Anolis luceae St. Lucia anole Lizard, Zandoli
Bothrops caribbaeus St. Lucia viper Fer-de-lance, Serpent
Constrictor orophias St. Lucia boa Boa, Tet-chien
Sphaerodactylus microlepis St. Lucia Pygmy Gecko Mabouya terre
Eleutherodactylus johnstonei Piping frog Frog, Cholin

1.4 River fauna


The Fond and Cal Fouc rivers are rich in aquatic life, namely fish and crayfish. However on the day of the study time did not allow for a river investigation. A small sample done in one of the tributaries turned up nothing. The river looks pristine and if free of pollution should contain the species listed in the table below.

TABLE V List of Fish and Crustaceans in the Fond River

SCIENTIFIC NAME
COMMON NAME
LOCAL NAME
Agonostamus monticola Mountain mullet Mullet, Millet
Gobisox spp. Goby Sisay
Atya innocuous Crayfish Crayfish, Book
Macrobrachium carcinus Crayfish Crayfish, Kwibish basen
Guinoia dentata River Crab
Crab, Back
Macrobrachium heterchinus Crayfish Crayfish


2-1 PLANTS

Plants form over ninety percent of wildlife on Patience Estate. Wildlife in its broadest sense is defined as any living organism that lives, grows and reproduces without the interference of man. Over 161 plant species were found including trees, shrubs, lianas, vines and herbs. Twenty one agricultural species were found including mangoes (Mangifera indica), coconut (Cocos nucifera), Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) and guava (Pitsidium guajava). A few plants were not identified as they were not in fruit or flower at the time .



2.2 The Importance of Forests
In one sentence the Rain Forest can be described as an explosion of life, with life forms of every description. From the towering Gomier trees to the lowly Salaginella club moss; mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and insects all find a home. The forest does not only provide a home for wildlife but serves a number of useful purposes.

A walk through the rain forest gives the feeling of being in an air-conditioned room with many air-conditioners all working at once. The air is cool as a result of the shade offered by the towering trees, coupled by the trapped air from constant evapo-transpiration. The forest ameliorates the climate. It is never static. There is something happening all the time. Birds feeding or calling; dead leaves falling; butterflies flying around in search of a mate or the next flower; ants foraging on the forest floor, and one could go on and on.

When rain falls in the forest the water droplets never hit the soil directly; but is first intercepted by the upper canopy, the droplets then fall to the lower canopy unto the undergrowth and eventually reaching the forest floor. Even then the water droplets do not hit the soil directly, because the soil is covered with a thick layer of dead leaves, rotten branches, fruit cases and other forest debris. This layer is called the forest leaf litter layer. By the time the raindrops reach the floor the droplets have lost all their velocity and by then is only a soft drip; unlike the stinging effects of raindrops on the bare skin in an open field.

The forest litter layer is teeming with microorganisms that help in reducing it to humus. The litter layer and humus act as a sponge that absorbs water into the soil layers below. The humus and topsoil because of their high organic matter content and structure have a high water retention capacity. This water percolates into deeper soil layers until it reaches the bedrock. There the water travels along the bedrock emerging at the surface further down slope as a spring. Forest soil has the highest capacity to hold water. It can be compared to a huge sponge releasing water gradually and perennially to feed streams and rivers.

From the air the forest canopy looks like a gigantic disjointed green mash-mallow, with tree stems and branches supporting crowns; straggling lianes and clinging bromeliards all living in harmony. A similar picture exists below ground where taproots replace stems and lateral roots replace branches. The roots tangle and cris-cross forming an unending network below the ground holding soil together. This matting of roots is also very important for the trees themselves, as it prevents easy toppling during high winds. Forest help in many other ways and a few are listed in Figure (VI).




Diagram Showing the Importance of Forests
Diagram Showing the Importance of Forests
APPENDIX I LIST OF FOUND PLANT SPECIES

SCIENTIFIC NAME
COMMON NAMES
FORM
ETHNO-BOTANICAL INFORMATION
Acalypha wilkesiana Copper leaf Shrub
Ornamental
Aegiphila martinicensis Bwa Kabwit
Shrub
Medicinal
Alloplectus cristatus Wild fuchia Vine
Ornamental
Aiphannes minima Gwi gwi Tree
Food
Allamanda cathartica Alamanda
Shrub
Ornamental
Alpinia purpurata Red Ginger Lilly
Herb Ornamental
Ananas comosus Pineapple Herb Food, Medicinal
Andira inermis Angelin Tree
Timber
Anthurium andraeanum Anthurium Herb Ornamental
Anthurium grandifolium Elephant ears Herb Ornamental
Anthurium hookeri
Wild Tobacco
Herb
Ornamental
Artocarpus altilis Breadfruit
Tree
Food, Timber
Artocarpus incisa
Breadfruit
tree
Food, Timber
Assplundia rigida
Zel mouche, Ti kannot
Liana
Ornamental, art and craft
Averrhoa carambola
Carambola, Five finger, Star fruit Tree
Food
Axonopus affinis
Zeb a Vash
Herb
Fodder, Lawns
Bambusa spp.
Ti Bamboo
Shrub
Fodder
Bambusa vulgaris
Bamboo
Tree
Multi-purpose
Bidens spinosa
Zeb a zedjwi Shrub

Bixa orellana Woukou Shrub Food colouring, art and craft
Blechum brownie
St. John’s Bush Herb Medicinal
Bougainvillea spectabilis Bougainvillea Shrub Ornamental
Brysonima spicata Bwa Tan Si Bwa Tan Si
Multi-purpose
Calathea allouia Topitambou Herb
Food
Cajanus cajun
Pigeon Peas
Shrub
Food
Casearia decandra
Bwa koko kawet Tree Fuelwood, birdfood
Castilla elastica
kaouchou, rubber tree
Tree
Rubber
Cecropia schreberiana Bwa Canou Tree Medicinal, craft
Centrosema virginianum Pwa pwa Vine Fodder
Chamaecrista glandulosa
Ti tanmawen
Tanmawen shoval

Shrub
Fodder
Chrysochlamys caribaea
bwa mang, palitivye wouj
Tree
Post, fuel
Cinnamomun verum
Cinnamon, Kannel
Tree
Spice
Citrus aurantifolia
Lime, Citron
Tree
Juice
Citrus paradisi
Grapefruit
Tree
Food, honey
Citrus spp.
Shaddock
Tree
Food, Honet
Citrus sinensis
Orange
Tree
Food, Honey
Clidemia hirta
Kaka mel
Shrub

Clusia rosea
Aralie, strangler fig,
Tree
Parrot food, craft
Coccoloba escendens

Liane
Parrot food
Cocoloba swartzii
Bwa Lanmowi
Tree
Fuel wood, honey
Cocos nucifera
Coconut, Coco
Tree
Multi-purpose
*Codiaum variegatum
Croton
Shrub
Ornamental
Coffee arabica
Coffee, Kafe
Tree
Beverage
Colocasia esculenta var. antiquorum
Eddo
Herb
Food
Colocasia esculenta
Dasheen
Herb
Food
Commelina diffusa
Water grass, Zeb Gwa
Herb
Fodder, medicinal
Cordia martinensis
Black sage, Maho noir
Shrub
Medicinal
Cordyline terminalis
Red dragon
Shrub
Boundary marker, ornamental
Croton flavens
Ti bonm
Shrub
Broom
Cucumis sativum
Cucumber, Cocom
Vine
Food
Cyanthea aborea
Tree fern, Fwige
tree
Craft, horticulture
Cyanthea aborea
Tree fern, Fwige
Tree
Craft, horticulture
Dacryodes excelsa
Gommier
Tree
Multi-purpose
Daphnopsis americana
Maho piman
tree
Rope, medicinal, charcoal
Daphnopsis macrocarpa
maho pimen gwan bwa
shrub
rope
Desmodium tortuosum
sweetheart, prickle
Herb

Dieffenbachia seguine
Dumb cane, cane cochon
Vine
Ornamental
Dioscorea alata
Wild yam, banjha
Vine
Food
Eleusine indica
Pye Poul
Herb
Medicinal
Enicostema
Lang Poul
Herb
Medicinal
Enicostema



Enicostema
Orchid
Herb
Ornamental
Erythrina corallodendrum
Mountain imortelle
Tree
Ornamental
Erythrina variegata
Virigated imortelle
Tree
Ornamental
Ficus citrifolia
Fije
Tree
Bird food
Ficus spp.
Fije
Tree
Bird food
Gliricidia sepium
Gliricidia
Tree
Multi-purpose
Gonzalagunia hirsute
Bwa Kilibwi
shrub
Humming bird food
Gonzalagunia spicata

Shrub
Fodder
Guatteria caribaea
Kosol mawon
Tree
Timber
Heliconea bihai
Heliconia, Balizier
Herb
Ornamental
Heliconea caribaea
Heliconia, Balizier
Herb
Ornamental
Heliconia psittacorum
Bird-of-paradise
Herb
Ornamentsl
Heliconea rostrata
Lobster claw
herb
Ornamental
Heliconea wagneriana
Heliconia
Herb
Ornamental
Hieronyma caribaea
Bwa Danmann
Tree
Timber (furniture)
Iampomea indic
Liane douce
Vine
Fodder
Inga ingoides
Kacoli
Tree
Fuel, parrpt fppd
Inga laurina
Poix Doux
Tree
Fuel, Food
Itedychium caranarium
Wild Ginger
Herb
Ornamental
Ixora coccinea
lxora
shrub
Ornamental
Lauraceae spp.
Laurier Gros gwen
Tree
Timber
Lepianthes peltata
Chapo D’lo
Shub

Licania ternatensis
Bwa De mas
Tree
Charcoal, Timber
Lonchocarpus violaceus
Savonnet Le Bar
Tree
Charcoal, soap
Lonchocarpus pantaphyllus
Savonette Gwan Feille
Tree
Charcoal, Soap
Ludwigia octovalvia
Jiwof glo
Herb
Medicinal
Lycopodium cernuum
Pat Macaque
Herb
Ornamental
Mangifera indica
Mango
Tree
Food
Manilkara bidentata
Balata
Tree
Timber
Marcgravia umbellala
Zipper vine, Liane Chasseur
Liane
Water
Margaritaria nobilis
Mille bwanch
Tree
Fuel, wood
Miconia mirabilis
Bwa cote senn
Tree
Fuel, bird food
Mikania spp.
Sensitive plant, Myhonte
Herb
Honey
Monstera pertusa
Swiss cheese philodendron
Vine
Ornamental
Musa bubisiana
Bluggo, Macambu
Tree
Food
Musa parasidisiaca
Plantain
Tree
Food
Musa spp.
Blugo-plantain
Tree
Food
Musa spp.
Fig cochon
Tree
Food
Musa sapientum
Banana
Tree
Food, Craft
Mussaenda erythrophylla
Pink mussaenda
Shrub
Ornamental
Mussaenda erythrophylla
Red mussaenda
Shrub
Ornamental
Mussaenda philippica
White mussaenda
Shrub
Ornamental
Myrcia deflexa
Bwa Creole
Tree
Fuel, Tools
Myristica fragrans
Nutmeg
Tree
Spice, medicinal
Neoxytheca pallida
Balata chien
Tree
Timber
Nicolaia elator
Torch ginger
Herb
Ornamental
Ocotea leucoxylon
Lowye mabre
Tree
Timber
Orchidaceae spp
Orchid
Herb
Ornamental
Orchidaceae spp.
Ground Orchid
Herb
Ornamental
Ochroma lagopus
Bwa flo, Balsa
Tree
Rafts and models
Ormosia monosperma
Wawi
Tree
Timber, Art & craft
Palicourea crocea
Bwa Kabwit
Shrub
Medicinal
Passiflora andesonii

Vine

Passiflora laurifolia
Pomme de Liane
Vine
Food
Pennisetum purpureum
Eggplant Grass
Herb
Fodder
Persea americana
Avacado
Tree
Food
Philadendron giganteum
Philadendron giganteum
Philadendron giganteum
Ornamental
Philadendron giganteum
Philadendron
Vine
Ornamental
Phyllanthus amarus
White-seed-under-leaf, Gwen anbar faille blanc
Herb
Medicinal
Phyllanthus urinaria
Red-seed-under-leaf, Gwen-anbar-faille wouj
Herb

Phytlaca spp.
Zapina Gwa Bwa
Shrub
Food
Pilea inaequalis
Zoti Beni
herb
Medicinal
Piper dilatatum
Malambe
Shrub
Fodder. medicinal
Piper spp.

Vine

Pitcairnia angustifolia
Ground Bromeliard
Herb
Ornamental
Polypodium aureum
Fern
Herb
ornamental
Pouteria multiflora
Pennypiece
Tree
Edible, wildlife food
Pouteria semecarpifolia
Contrevent
Tree
Timber
Pitchecellobium jupunba
Dalmawi
Tree
Art and craft
Pityrogramma calomelanos
Print fern, white back fern, silver fern
Herb

Saccharum officinarum
Sugar cane, Kan
Herb
Food
Sapium caribium
Bwa La Gle
Tree
Timber
Scleria scindens
Zeb a kouto, razor grass
Herb

Scleria secans
Razor grass
Herb

Sloanea caribaea
Chatannye
Tree
Parrot Food
Swietenia macrophylla
Honduras mahogany
Tree
Timber
Symplocos martinicensis
Zoliivye
Tree
Timber
Syzygium malaccensis
Ponm damou Pommerac, love apple
Tree
Food
Salaginella flabelata
Selaginella
Herb

Simaruba amara
Bwa Blanc
Tree
Timber
Similax guianensis
Boyo Djab
Tree
Timber
Solanum nodiflorium
Wild egg plant, Balenjann djab
Tree
Medicinal, rootstalk for grafting
Spondias mumbin
Hog plum, Muben
Tree
Food
Sterculia caribeae
Maho cochon
Tree
Rope, Timber
Stachytarpheta spp.
Vernvern ladje wat
Shrub
Medicinal
Stachytarpheta spp.
Vernvern ladje wat
Shrub
Medicinal
Swartzia caribaea
Wild nutmeg, Miscad Marron
Tree

Tabarnaemontana citrifolia
Bwa Lait
Tree
Bird food
Talauma dodecapetala
Bwapen mawon
Tree
Timber, Parrot Food
Tapura latifolia
Bwa Cote
Tree
Charcoal
Ternstroemia oligostemon
Merise
Tre
Timber
Tillandsia fasciculata
Zanzanna djab
Herb
Ornamental
Theobroma cacoa
Cocoa, Kako
Tree
Beverage, Chocolate
Urena sinuata
Pikan Kouzen
Shrub

Pikan Kouzen
Vern vern kwaib
Herb
Medicinal
Xanthosoma sagittifolium
Tannia, Shou
Herb
Food
Xanthosoma undipes
Malanga
Herb
Pig Food
Zanthoxylum caribaeum
Lepinni
Tree
Timber
*- Several varieties


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